Go语言环境安装

参考文章 https://www.runoob.com/go/go-environment.html

Go的官方文档地址为 https://golang.google.cn/doc/， 里面包括了安装文档，go的简单教程，包含如何写go代码，选用什么IDE, 如何troubleshooting，一些常见问题，以及go community的wiki. 同时也列出 Package Documentation（The documentation for the Go standard library），Command Documentation（The documentation for the Go tools.），Language Specification（The official Go Language specification.），The Go Memory Model （A document that specifies the conditions under which reads of a variable in one goroutine can be guaranteed to observe values produced by writes to the same variable in a different goroutine.）和Release History（A summary of the changes between Go releases.）。

官方文档： https://golang.google.cn/doc/install

安装文档摘录下来以供快速参考：

Install the Go tools

If you are upgrading from an older version of Go you must first remove the existing version.

tar -C /usr/local -xzf go$VERSION.$OS-$ARCH.tar.gz

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

Test your installation

Check that Go is installed correctly by building a simple program, as follows.

Create a file named hello.go that looks like:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	fmt.Printf("hello, world\n")
}

Then build it with the go tool:

$ go build hello.go

The command above will build an executable named hello in the current directory alongside your source code. Execute it to see the greeting:

$ ./hello
hello, world

If you see the "hello, world" message then your Go installation is working.

Before rushing off to write Go code please read the How to Write Go Code document, which describes some essential concepts about using the Go tools.

Installing extra Go versions

It may be useful to have multiple Go versions installed on the same machine, for example, to ensure that a package's tests pass on multiple Go versions. Once you have one Go version installed, you can install another (such as 1.10.7) as follows:

$ go get golang.org/dl/go1.10.7
$ go1.10.7 download

The newly downloaded version can be used like go:

$ go1.10.7 version
go version go1.10.7 linux/amd64

All Go versions available via this method are listed on the download page. You can find where each of these extra Go versions is installed by looking at its GOROOT; for example, go1.10.7 env GOROOT. To uninstall a downloaded version, just remove its GOROOT directory and the goX.Y.Z binary.

Uninstalling Go

To remove an existing Go installation from your system delete the go directory. This is usually /usr/local/go under Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD or c:\Go under Windows.

You should also remove the Go bin directory from your PATH environment variable. Under Linux and FreeBSD you should edit /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile. If you installed Go with the macOS package then you should remove the /etc/paths.d/go file. Windows users should read the section about setting environment variables under Windows.