我们在新浪微博和腾讯微博中会发现它们用的链接都是短链接。sinaurl.cn和url.cn等。阿里淘宝都有相应的短链接。这些链接都很短,但是最终又会重定向到原本的长链接网址上去。
优点就是链接短小。缺点就是不能直观的判断到底是链接到什么网站上去(有些网站就利用这做一些欺骗性的链接)。
其实现原理比较简单:将原先网址通过算法转化成有62个字符组成的一个短链接。62个字符为0-9a-zA-Z.
数据库只有两个字段seq(自增长数字)和url(数字的url地址,建立索引)。 用户输入一个url地址,查询表是否包含此url,如果存在,则返回seq的数字, 如果不存在,则插入数据库,得到一个新增加的自增seq数字,为了缩短数字占用的字符数,我们可以把abc等字母的大小写用上。这样10个数 字,26个小写字母,26个大小字母就组成了一个62进制了。比如数字10000000000(100亿)转换后就是aUKYOA,只有6位了,这样就能 缩短很多的网址了。
比如下面有两种语言的实现:
<?php //十进制转到其他制 function dec2any( $num, $base=62, $index=false ) { if (! $base ) { $base = strlen( $index ); } else if (! $index ) { $index = substr( "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" ,0 ,$base ); } $out = ""; for ( $t = floor( log10( $num ) / log10( $base ) ); $t >= 0; $t-- ) { $a = floor( $num / pow( $base, $t ) ); $out = $out . substr( $index, $a, 1 ); $num = $num - ( $a * pow( $base, $t ) ); } return $out; } function any2dec( $num, $base=62, $index=false ) { if (! $base ) { $base = strlen( $index ); } else if (! $index ) { $index = substr( "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ", 0, $base ); } $out = 0; $len = strlen( $num ) - 1; for ( $t = 0; $t <= $len; $t++ ) { $out = $out + strpos( $index, substr( $num, $t, 1 ) ) * pow( $base, $len - $t ); } return $out; } ?>
public static string[] ShortUrl(string url) { //可以自定义生成MD5加密字符传前的混合KEY string key = "Leejor"; //要使用生成URL的字符 string[] chars = new string[]{ "a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h", "i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p", "q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x", "y","z","0","1","2","3","4","5", "6","7","8","9","A","B","C","D", "E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L", "M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T", "U","V","W","X","Y","Z" }; //对传入网址进行MD5加密 string hex = System.Web.Security.FormsAuthentication.HashPasswordForStoringInConfigFile(key + url, "md5"); string[] resUrl = new string[4]; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { //把加密字符按照8位一组16进制与0x3FFFFFFF进行位与运算 int hexint = 0x3FFFFFFF & Convert.ToInt32("0x" + hex.Substring(i * 8, 8), 16); string outChars = string.Empty; for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++) { //把得到的值与0x0000003D进行位与运算,取得字符数组chars索引 int index = 0x0000003D & hexint; //把取得的字符相加 outChars += chars[index]; //每次循环按位右移5位 hexint = hexint >> 5; } //把字符串存入对应索引的输出数组 resUrl[i] = outChars; } return resUrl; }
这里列出几个短链接服务商:
接入方法:
TXT格式短网址API接口 接口:http://u6.gg/api.php?url=urlencode('要缩短的网址') 例如:http://u6.gg/api.php?url=http://www.baidu.com 返回:http://u6.gg/baidu JSON格式短网址API接口 说明:format为json 例如:http://u6.gg/api.php?format=json&url=http://www.baidu.com 返回:{"url":"http://u6.gg/baidu","err":""} JSONP格式短网址API接口 说明:format为jsonp 例如:http://u6.gg/api.php?format=jsonp&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F&callback=callbackname 返回:callbackname({"url":"http://u6.gg/baidu","err":""})
实验:
参阅资料: