本文转载自 http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/836625

用途说明

exit命令用于退出当前shell,在shell脚本中可以终止当前脚本执行。

常用参数

格式:exit n

退出。设置退出码为n。(Cause the shell to exit with a status of n.)

格式:exit

退出。退出码不变,即为最后一个命令的退出码。(If n is omitted, the exit status is that of the  last  command executed. )

格式:$?

上一个命令的退出码。

格式:trap "commands" EXIT

退出时执行commands指定的命令。( A trap on EXIT is executed before the shell terminates.)

退出码(exit status,或exit code)的约定:

0表示成功(Zero - Success)

非0表示失败(Non-Zero  - Failure)

2表示用法不当(Incorrect Usage)

127表示命令没有找到(Command Not Found)

126表示不是可执行的(Not an executable)

>=128 信号产生

man 3 exit 写道
The C standard specifies two constants, EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE, that may be passed to exit() to indicate
successful or unsuccessful termination, respectively.

以下摘自/usr/include/stdlib.h

C代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
#define EXIT_FAILURE    1       /* Failing exit status.  */  
#define EXIT_SUCCESS    0       /* Successful exit status.  */  

BSD试图对退出码标准化。

man 3 exit 写道
BSD has attempted to standardize exit codes; see the file <sysexits.h>.

以下摘自/usr/include/sysexits.h

C代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
#define EX_OK           0       /* successful termination */  
  
#define EX__BASE        64      /* base value for error messages */  
  
#define EX_USAGE        64      /* command line usage error */  
#define EX_DATAERR      65      /* data format error */  
#define EX_NOINPUT      66      /* cannot open input */  
#define EX_NOUSER       67      /* addressee unknown */  
#define EX_NOHOST       68      /* host name unknown */  
#define EX_UNAVAILABLE  69      /* service unavailable */  
#define EX_SOFTWARE     70      /* internal software error */  
#define EX_OSERR        71      /* system error (e.g., can't fork) */  
#define EX_OSFILE       72      /* critical OS file missing */  
#define EX_CANTCREAT    73      /* can't create (user) output file */  
#define EX_IOERR        74      /* input/output error */  
#define EX_TEMPFAIL     75      /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */  
#define EX_PROTOCOL     76      /* remote error in protocol */  
#define EX_NOPERM       77      /* permission denied */  
#define EX_CONFIG       78      /* configuration error */  
  
#define EX__MAX 78      /* maximum listed value */  

使用示例

示例一 退出当前shell

[root@new55 ~]# 
[root@new55 ~]# exit 
logout

示例二 在脚本中,进入脚本所在目录,否则退出

Bash代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
cd $(dirname $0) || exit 1  

示例三 在脚本中,判断参数数量,不匹配就打印使用方式,退出

Bash代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
if [ "$#" -ne "2" ]; then  
    echo "usage: $0 <area> <hours>"  
    exit 2  
fi  

示例四 在脚本中,退出时删除临时文件

Bash代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
trap "rm -f tmpfile; echo Bye." EXIT  

示例五 检查上一命令的退出码

Bash代码 Flash Animation 收藏代码
./mycommand.sh  
EXCODE=$?  
if [ "$EXCODE" == "0" ]; then  
    echo "O.K"  
fi   

问题思考

相关资料

【1】91linux    Linux exit 命令     
【2】曲径通幽   [概念]exit n     
【3】Linux大学  Bash Shell Exit Status Tutorial with Practical Examples 

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