Simple present


一般现在时态用于描述客观事实或经常、反复发生的行为。在进行提问或否定时,需要用到助动词 do,或 does, don't, doesn't 等。
 

例如: She lives in New York.
  (她住在纽约。)
  Does she work in a bank?
  (她在银行工作吗?)
  She doesn't speak any foreign languages.
  (她不说任何外语。)


动词在第三人称单数(he, she, it)条件下,需要在词尾加 ses。

例如: She comes from Belgium.
  (她来自比利时。)
  He teaches Business English.
  (他教授商务英语。)


y 结尾的动词,在变成第三人称单数形式时,需要去掉 y,加 ies,但以元音字母加 y 构成的单词除外。
 

例如: I try, he tries
但是: I play, he plays


现在时的疑问句

The present of 'have' - have 的现在时形式

I have
you have
he has
we have 我们
you have
they have 他们

动词 have 在 he, she, it 后面的形式相同。
' 你 ' 和尊称 ' 您 ' 在英语中都是 you。

Verbs ending in -y - 以 y 结尾的动词

主语是单数第三人称时,对于以 ' 辅音字母 + y ' 结尾的动词,需要改 y i,再加 es ;如果动词以 ' 元音字母 + y ' 结尾,仅需在 y 后加 s
例如:

' 辅音字母 + y ' 结尾的:
 

  cry cries
  try tries
  fly flies


' 元音字母 + y ' 结尾的:

  stay stays
  say says
  enjoy enjoys

 

The present of basic verbs - 基本动词的一般现在时态

    be have do
I (我) am have do
you (你/您) are have do
he / she / it (他/她/它) is has does
we (我们) are have do
you (你们) are have do
they (他们) are have do

The simple present - 一般现在时

一般现在时第三人称单数在需要动词不定式后加 s,其它人称动词不变。

例如:
 

  I work cry
  you work cry
  he works cries
  we work cry
  you work cry
  they work cry


y 结尾的动词,构成第三人称单数时需要将 y 改为 i ,再加 es

 

The simple present - 一般现在时

以 o 结尾的动词,在一般现在时中构成第三人称单数时加 es

一般现在时用于描述人们偶尔、经常或有规律做的一件事情,或一种状态。

 

例如: The children go to school every day.
  This building is big.

 

The present tense - 现在时态

一般现在时用于有规律的,反复发生的行为或程序。
现在进行时态表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或者行为。

 

The present of 'be' - be 动词的现在时态

在英语中,在不同的人称代词后,be 动词有不同的形式:

I am
you are 你,您
he is
we are 我们
you are 你们
they are 他/她/它们


he,she 和 it 的 be 动词形式相同。
在英语中,你、你们和您使用相同的人称代词和 be 动词。

 

Present tense: recurring and scheduled events - 现在时:经常发生或已排定的事件


现在时表示经常发生的事情或是一个确定的安排。
例如:
He gets up at 8 a.m. every morning.
(他每天早上八点起床。)
The show starts at 8 p.m. tonight.
(表演今晚八点开始。)

 

Present continuous - 现在进行时态


一般现在时态表示习惯性、经常性的动作和普遍存在的真理。

现在进行时态描写的是正在进行或发生的动作。

现在进行时态由 ' be 动词 + 动词 ing ' 形式构成:
 

I am looking
you are looking
he is looking
we are looking
you are looking
they are looking


动词词尾是 e 的,去 eing

例如: writing, giving, translating


动词以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母后,再加 ing

例如: swimming, beginning, putting

The present tense - 现在时态

动词的现在时态有两种形式:第三人称单数(he, she, it)作主语时,需要在动词原形后面加上 s;其它人称作主语时,动词形式不变。

 

Present continuous and simple - 现在进行时与一般现在时

有些副词只与一般现在时连用,比如:

always 总是
never 从不
often 经常
sometimes 有时
usually 通常
every

 

Present continuous or present simple - 现在进行时或一般现在时

现在进行时用于表达正在进行的行为或动作。
例如:
Quiet please! I'm watching the news.
What are you doing? I'm writing a letter.

一般现在时用于表达经常、反复发生的行为或动作。
例如:
I usually watch TV in the evenings.
I drink coffee every morning.
I go to Paris once a year.

 

Negative sentences in the present tense - 一般现在时中的否定句

在一般现在时中,构成否定句需要使用助动词 do。否定句由 don't(do not)或 doesn't(does not)构成。 助动词需置于行为动词之前。
例如:I don't like bacon.

不同人称代词的否定形式如下:
 

I don't like we don't like
you don't like you don't like
he/she doesn't like they don't like

Negations - 否定式

be 动词(在所有的进行时中),助动词情态动词的否定形式可直接加 not 构成。其它动词构成否定式时需要加助动词 do。

I am not hungry. I'm not hungry.
He is not working. He isn't working./ He's not working.
You would not say that. You wouldn't say that.
I cannot wait to see it. I can't wait to see it.

 

I do not want this. I don't want this.
She does not help much. She doesn't help much.

 

Present simple or continuous - 现在时时态


一般现在时用于描述某种状态,或经常、反复发生的行为和动作。
现在进行时用于描述正在进行的行为或动作。

 

Present continuous - 现在进行时态

表达在说话人说话的同时正在进行的动作,需要使用现在进行时态。现在进行时态由 ' be 动词的现在时形式 + 动词 ing 形式 ' 构成。
例如:
I'm reading a book now.
He's sleeping at the moment.
We're playing football.

但是,对于客观真理以及经常、反复发生的动作或行为,则需要用一般现在时表达。

例如:
I always drink coffee in the morning.
She often drives to work.
We sometimes watch TV.

Participles

在英语中,现在分词通过在动词原形后加 ing 的形式来构成。
 

例如: sing singing


如果动词原形以 e 结尾,则在加 ing 时,须将 e 去掉。

例如: believe believing


使用现在分词,可以使句子变得更加简单流利。现在分词可以用来取代从句。
例如:
Passengers who fly with American Airlines get good service.
Passengers flying with American Airlines get good service.
(乘坐美国航空公司飞机的乘客能得到很好的服务。)

现在分词也可用作名词,这时现在分词被称为动名词。

例如: Smoking is bad for your health.
  (吸烟有害健康。)


对于规则动词而言,其过去分词与过去式的形式相同。

例如: dance danced


过去分词可以代替含有被动语态的从句。
例如:
The letters which were sent yesterday have arrived.
The letters sent yesterday have arrived.
(昨天寄走的那些信已经寄到了。)

分词也可以用作形容词
例如:
The film was very disappointing.
(电影非常令人失望。)
Joe was very disappointed.
(琼非常失望。)

 

Regular verbs - 规则动词

这些动词的过去式与过去分词相同。

在构成过去式与过去分词时,只需要在动词原形后加 ed,并注意在加 ed 时的一些特殊规则。

现在完成时态由 ' have/has + 动词的过去分词 ' 共同构成。
 

例如: He has played the piano.
  (他已经弹过钢琴了。)

 

Irregular verbs I - 不规则动词 I

这些动词的过去式是不规则的,但其过去式和过去分词是一样的,因此只需要记忆其中的一种形式。

少数动词的过去式和过去分词甚至和动词原形是一致的。keep,find,tell,have,bring,buy,make,read ->kept,found,told,had,brought,bought,made,read

 

Irregular verbs II - 不规则动词 II

这些动词的过去式与过去分词拥有不同的形式。无论在写法上还是读音上,它们都与其现在时形式有着明显的差别。

对于这些动词而言,过去式与过去分词的构成没有任何规律可循,必须单独记忆。

 

The verb 'stop' - 动词 stop

stop doing something 表示停止正在做的事。

stop to do something 则表示停下正在做的事情,开始做另一件事。

 

The present and past participle - 现在分词与过去分词

为了让句子更加简明和流畅,人们通常使用现在分词 ing 与过去分词 ed 的形式,来代替从句。

现在分词用来代替主动式的从句:
 

例如: Passengers who fly with American Airlines get good service.
  Passengers flying with American Airlines get good service.
  The ones who are coming are nice.
  The ones coming are nice.


过去分词用来代替被动式的从句:

例如: The letters which were sent yesterday have arrived.
  The letters sent yesterday have arrived.

 

'By' + present participle - by + 现在分词


' by + 现在分词 ing ' 意为 ' 通过某种方式 '。

例如:
By doing A he could do B.
(通过做A,才能做B。)

He helped me by carrying the
heavy bags.
(他通过抬箱子帮我的忙。)

 

'Remember' - 动词 remember

remember to do something 表示 ' 不会忘记做某事 '。

remember doing something 表示 ' 想起来已经做了某事 '。

 

Present participles - 现在分词

现在分词即动词 ing 形式。它用于描述一直持续的动作。人们用它来构成进行时态。

如果现在分词与 be 或 have 等助动词共同出现,则它是谓语动词的一部分。但是,现在分词也可以用作形容词或副词。
 

例如: The man is screaming at his wife. (现在进行时)
  (那个人正对他的妻子大喊大叫。)
  The book is fascinating. (形容词)
  (这本书太吸引人了。)
  John walked off screaming. (副词)
  (约翰尖叫着离开了。)

 

Reduced relative clauses with past participle - 由过去分词构成的定语从句的简缩形式

过去分词可以取代含有被动语态的定语从句。
例如:
The wall that was hit by the truck collapsed.
The wall hit by the truck collapsed.
(被卡车撞到的那面墙塌了。)

 

The '-ing' form - '-ing'-形式

以 '-ing' 形式结尾的单词可以是动词进行时形式,形容词或动名词。

动词的进行时形式:
I am leaving now. (我现在要走了。)
John was speaking when I arrived. (我到的时候,约翰正在讲话。)

形容词:
We’re helping developing countries. (我们正在帮助发展中国家。)

动名词:
He started speaking as soon as I arrived. (我一到他就开始讲话。)

介词后的动名词:
After receiving the letter, she left the company. (收到信后,她离开了那家公司。)

 

Present participle clauses - 现在分词从句

现在分词结构可以代替原因状语从句: 

Because I know him very well, I feel I can speak openly.
Knowing him very well, I feel I can speak openly.
(因为我非常了解他,所以我想我可以开诚布公地讲话。)

在现在分词结构中省略的主语与主句主语一致。

 

Verbs followed by the ing-form - 带动词 '-ing'-形式的动词

下列动词需要带另外一个动词时,这个被引导的动词应以 '-ing'-形式出现。

admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, can't help, hinder, imagine, keep, loathe, it means, mention, miss, it necessitates, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand

发表评论