Simple present
一般现在时态用于描述客观事实或经常、反复发生的行为。在进行提问或否定时,需要用到助动词 do,或 does, don't, doesn't 等。
例如: | She lives in New York. |
(她住在纽约。) | |
Does she work in a bank? | |
(她在银行工作吗?) | |
She doesn't speak any foreign languages. | |
(她不说任何外语。) |
动词在第三人称单数(he, she, it)条件下,需要在词尾加 s 或 es。
例如: | She comes from Belgium. |
(她来自比利时。) | |
He teaches Business English. | |
(他教授商务英语。) |
以 y 结尾的动词,在变成第三人称单数形式时,需要去掉 y,加 ies,但以元音字母加 y 构成的单词除外。
例如: | I try, he tries |
但是: | I play, he plays |
The present of 'have' - have 的现在时形式
I | have | 我 | 有 |
you | have | 你 | 有 |
he | has | 他 | 有 |
we | have | 我们 | 有 |
you | have | 你 | 有 |
they | have | 他们 | 有 |
动词 have 在 he, she, it 后面的形式相同。
' 你 ' 和尊称 ' 您 ' 在英语中都是 you。
Verbs ending in -y - 以 y 结尾的动词
主语是单数第三人称时,对于以 ' 辅音字母 + y ' 结尾的动词,需要改 y 为 i,再加 es ;如果动词以 ' 元音字母 + y ' 结尾,仅需在 y 后加 s。
例如:
' 辅音字母 + y ' 结尾的:
cry | cries | |
try | tries | |
fly | flies |
' 元音字母 + y ' 结尾的:
stay | stays | |
say | says | |
enjoy | enjoys |
The present of basic verbs - 基本动词的一般现在时态
be | have | do | ||
I | (我) | am | have | do |
you | (你/您) | are | have | do |
he / she / it | (他/她/它) | is | has | does |
we | (我们) | are | have | do |
you | (你们) | are | have | do |
they | (他们) | are | have | do |
The simple present - 一般现在时
一般现在时第三人称单数在需要动词不定式后加 s,其它人称动词不变。
例如:
I | work | cry | |
you | work | cry | |
he | works | cries | |
we | work | cry | |
you | work | cry | |
they | work | cry |
以 y 结尾的动词,构成第三人称单数时需要将 y 改为 i ,再加 es。
The simple present - 一般现在时
以 o 结尾的动词,在一般现在时中构成第三人称单数时加 es。
一般现在时用于描述人们偶尔、经常或有规律做的一件事情,或一种状态。
例如: | The children go to school every day. |
This building is big. |
The present tense - 现在时态
一般现在时用于有规律的,反复发生的行为或程序。
现在进行时态表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或者行为。
The present of 'be' - be 动词的现在时态
在英语中,在不同的人称代词后,be 动词有不同的形式:
I | am | 我 | 是 |
you | are | 你,您 | 是 |
he | is | 他 | 是 |
we | are | 我们 | 是 |
you | are | 你们 | 是 |
they | are | 他/她/它们 | 是 |
he,she 和 it 的 be 动词形式相同。
在英语中,你、你们和您使用相同的人称代词和 be 动词。
Present tense: recurring and scheduled events - 现在时:经常发生或已排定的事件
现在时表示经常发生的事情或是一个确定的安排。
例如:
He gets up at 8 a.m. every morning.
(他每天早上八点起床。)
The show starts at 8 p.m. tonight.
(表演今晚八点开始。)
Present continuous - 现在进行时态
一般现在时态表示习惯性、经常性的动作和普遍存在的真理。
现在进行时态描写的是正在进行或发生的动作。
现在进行时态由 ' be 动词 + 动词 ing ' 形式构成:
I | am | looking |
you | are | looking |
he | is | looking |
we | are | looking |
you | are | looking |
they | are | looking |
动词词尾是 e 的,去 e 加 ing。
例如: | writing, giving, translating |
动词以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母后,再加 ing。
例如: | swimming, beginning, putting |
The present tense - 现在时态
动词的现在时态有两种形式:第三人称单数(he, she, it)作主语时,需要在动词原形后面加上 s;其它人称作主语时,动词形式不变。
Present continuous and simple - 现在进行时与一般现在时
有些副词只与一般现在时连用,比如:
always | 总是 |
never | 从不 |
often | 经常 |
sometimes | 有时 |
usually | 通常 |
every | 每 |
Present continuous or present simple - 现在进行时或一般现在时
现在进行时用于表达正在进行的行为或动作。
例如:
Quiet please! I'm watching the news.
What are you doing? I'm writing a letter.
一般现在时用于表达经常、反复发生的行为或动作。
例如:
I usually watch TV in the evenings.
I drink coffee every morning.
I go to Paris once a year.
Negative sentences in the present tense - 一般现在时中的否定句
在一般现在时中,构成否定句需要使用助动词 do。否定句由 don't(do not)或 doesn't(does not)构成。 助动词需置于行为动词之前。
例如:I don't like bacon.
不同人称代词的否定形式如下:
I don't like | we don't like |
you don't like | you don't like |
he/she doesn't like | they don't like |
Negations - 否定式
be 动词(在所有的进行时中),助动词及情态动词的否定形式可直接加 not 构成。其它动词构成否定式时需要加助动词 do。
I am not hungry. | I'm not hungry. |
He is not working. | He isn't working./ He's not working. |
You would not say that. | You wouldn't say that. |
I cannot wait to see it. | I can't wait to see it. |
I do not want this. | I don't want this. |
She does not help much. | She doesn't help much. |
Present simple or continuous - 现在时时态
一般现在时用于描述某种状态,或经常、反复发生的行为和动作。
现在进行时用于描述正在进行的行为或动作。
Present continuous - 现在进行时态
表达在说话人说话的同时正在进行的动作,需要使用现在进行时态。现在进行时态由 ' be 动词的现在时形式 + 动词 ing 形式 ' 构成。
例如:
I'm reading a book now.
He's sleeping at the moment.
We're playing football.
但是,对于客观真理以及经常、反复发生的动作或行为,则需要用一般现在时表达。
例如:
I always drink coffee in the morning.
She often drives to work.
We sometimes watch TV.
Participles
在英语中,现在分词通过在动词原形后加 ing 的形式来构成。
例如: | sing | singing |
如果动词原形以 e 结尾,则在加 ing 时,须将 e 去掉。
例如: | believe | believing |
使用现在分词,可以使句子变得更加简单流利。现在分词可以用来取代从句。
例如:
Passengers who fly with American Airlines get good service.
Passengers flying with American Airlines get good service.
(乘坐美国航空公司飞机的乘客能得到很好的服务。)
现在分词也可用作名词,这时现在分词被称为动名词。
例如: | Smoking is bad for your health. |
(吸烟有害健康。) |
对于规则动词而言,其过去分词与过去式的形式相同。
例如: | dance | danced |
过去分词可以代替含有被动语态的从句。
例如:
The letters which were sent yesterday have arrived.
The letters sent yesterday have arrived.
(昨天寄走的那些信已经寄到了。)
分词也可以用作形容词。
例如:
The film was very disappointing.
(电影非常令人失望。)
Joe was very disappointed.
(琼非常失望。)
Regular verbs - 规则动词
这些动词的过去式与过去分词相同。
在构成过去式与过去分词时,只需要在动词原形后加 ed,并注意在加 ed 时的一些特殊规则。
现在完成时态由 ' have/has + 动词的过去分词 ' 共同构成。
例如: | He has played the piano. |
(他已经弹过钢琴了。) |
Irregular verbs I - 不规则动词 I
这些动词的过去式是不规则的,但其过去式和过去分词是一样的,因此只需要记忆其中的一种形式。
少数动词的过去式和过去分词甚至和动词原形是一致的。keep,find,tell,have,bring,buy,make,read ->kept,found,told,had,brought,bought,made,read
Irregular verbs II - 不规则动词 II
这些动词的过去式与过去分词拥有不同的形式。无论在写法上还是读音上,它们都与其现在时形式有着明显的差别。
对于这些动词而言,过去式与过去分词的构成没有任何规律可循,必须单独记忆。
The verb 'stop' - 动词 stop
stop doing something 表示停止正在做的事。
stop to do something 则表示停下正在做的事情,开始做另一件事。
The present and past participle - 现在分词与过去分词
为了让句子更加简明和流畅,人们通常使用现在分词 ing 与过去分词 ed 的形式,来代替从句。
现在分词用来代替主动式的从句:
例如: | Passengers who fly with American Airlines get good service. |
Passengers flying with American Airlines get good service. | |
The ones who are coming are nice. | |
The ones coming are nice. |
过去分词用来代替被动式的从句:
例如: | The letters which were sent yesterday have arrived. |
The letters sent yesterday have arrived. |
'By' + present participle - by + 现在分词
' by + 现在分词 ing ' 意为 ' 通过某种方式 '。
例如:
By doing A he could do B.
(通过做A,才能做B。)
He helped me by carrying the
heavy bags.
(他通过抬箱子帮我的忙。)
'Remember' - 动词 remember
remember to do something 表示 ' 不会忘记做某事 '。
remember doing something 表示 ' 想起来已经做了某事 '。
Present participles - 现在分词
现在分词即动词 ing 形式。它用于描述一直持续的动作。人们用它来构成进行时态。
如果现在分词与 be 或 have 等助动词共同出现,则它是谓语动词的一部分。但是,现在分词也可以用作形容词或副词。
例如: | The man is screaming at his wife. (现在进行时) |
(那个人正对他的妻子大喊大叫。) | |
The book is fascinating. (形容词) | |
(这本书太吸引人了。) | |
John walked off screaming. (副词) | |
(约翰尖叫着离开了。) |
Reduced relative clauses with past participle - 由过去分词构成的定语从句的简缩形式
过去分词可以取代含有被动语态的定语从句。
例如:
The wall that was hit by the truck collapsed.
The wall hit by the truck collapsed.
(被卡车撞到的那面墙塌了。)
The '-ing' form - '-ing'-形式
以 '-ing' 形式结尾的单词可以是动词进行时形式,形容词或动名词。
动词的进行时形式:
I am leaving now. (我现在要走了。)
John was speaking when I arrived. (我到的时候,约翰正在讲话。)
形容词:
We’re helping developing countries. (我们正在帮助发展中国家。)
动名词:
He started speaking as soon as I arrived. (我一到他就开始讲话。)
介词后的动名词:
After receiving the letter, she left the company. (收到信后,她离开了那家公司。)
Present participle clauses - 现在分词从句
现在分词结构可以代替原因状语从句:
Because I know him very well, I feel I can speak openly.
Knowing him very well, I feel I can speak openly.
(因为我非常了解他,所以我想我可以开诚布公地讲话。)
在现在分词结构中省略的主语与主句主语一致。
Verbs followed by the ing-form - 带动词 '-ing'-形式的动词
下列动词需要带另外一个动词时,这个被引导的动词应以 '-ing'-形式出现。
admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, can't help, hinder, imagine, keep, loathe, it means, mention, miss, it necessitates, pardon, postpone, practise, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand